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乡村治理模式的选择与具体制度的优化设计是乡村治理的核心。围绕着这两大关键问题,仅做历史溯源或文本分析是不够的,应深入到微观层面做制度动态运行的过程性分析。基于此,本文通过考察山东省X村精英政治的形成过程及其对该村治理模式的影响,得出乡村精英在乡村治理中可以文本形式将精英政治予以制度化,以实现乡村精英的正效应;接着从土地和集体收益分配两个层面动态考察了这一治理模式的运作过程及其效果,进一步揭示出乡村治理各主体之间行动理性的形成因素及载体价值。如此,本文认为中国乡村治理模式应实现从理想治理模式到“多主体有效参与”治理模式转变。此间,应充分发挥农村各主体的主观能动性,形成不同主体之间的有效沟通和合理约束机制。
The choice of rural governance model and the optimal design of specific system are the core of rural governance. Surrounding these two key issues, historical traceability or textual analysis is not enough. We should go deep into the procedural analysis of the system dynamic operation at the micro level. Based on this, by examining the formation process of elite politics in X village of Shandong Province and its influence on the village governance model, this paper draws the conclusion that the village elites can institutionalize elite politics in the form of texts in rural governance in order to realize the positive effect of village elites Secondly, this paper investigates dynamically the operation process and effect of this governance model from the two aspects of land and collective income distribution, and further reveals the forming factors and carrier values of action rationality among the various parties in rural governance. In this way, this paper argues that the rural governance model in China should shift from the ideal governance model to the “multi-agent effective participation” governance model. Here, we should give full play to the subjective initiative of all rural entities and form an effective communication and rational restraint mechanism between different main bodies.