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草菇是热带亚热带地区的一种食用菌,从十八世纪开始人工栽培,大约在1932～35年由海外华侨引入菲律宾、马来西亚和其他东南亚国家。东南亚各国具有热带的潮湿气候,主要栽培水稻和玉米,年产稻草和玉米秆约7300万吨。假如其中四分之一用于种菇,约可产1100万吨鲜菇,该地区2.554亿人每人每天可食118克鲜菇。同时种菇的废料可为作物提供成百万吨的有机肥料。本文主要阐述东南亚国家的草菇栽培。
Straw mushroom is an edible fungus in tropical and subtropical regions. It was cultivated in the 18th century and introduced into the Philippines, Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries by overseas Chinese in about 1932-35. Southeast Asian countries have a tropical humid climate, the main cultivation of rice and corn, an annual output of about 73 million tons of straw and corn stalks. If one quarter of the total is used for planting mushrooms, about 11 million tons of fresh mushrooms can be produced. In the region, 255.4 million people edible 118 grams of fresh mushrooms per person per day. At the same time, waste from planting can provide millions of tons of organic fertilizer for crops. This article mainly describes mushroom cultivation in Southeast Asian countries.