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导弹预警卫星是一种监视、发现和跟踪敌方弹道导弹而早期报警的遥感类侦察卫星,所以在反导系统中占有重要地位。这种卫星不受地球曲率的限制,居高临下,覆盖范围广,在外层空间监视区域大,不易受干扰,受攻击的机会少,提供的预警时间最长,因而是目前预警技术发展的重点。它大多数采用运行在距地球3.6万千米地球静止轨道,若沿赤道120°间隔放置3颗卫星,则地球低纬度地区的任何地方都可置于预警卫星的监视之下。
The missile early warning satellite is a remote sensing type reconnaissance satellite that monitors, discovers and tracks enemy ballistic missiles early, and therefore plays an important role in the antimissile system. Such satellites are not subject to the curvature of the earth. They are condescending and cover a wide area. They have large surveillance areas in outer space and are not susceptible to interference. They have less chance of attack and provide the longest warning time. Therefore, they are the focus of current warning technology development. Most of it operates on the geostationary orbit at 36,000 km from Earth. If three satellites are placed at 120 ° intervals along the equator, any part of the Earth’s low latitudes can be placed under surveillance by early warning satellites.