体内一氧化氮 (NO)主要通过激活可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶 (GC) ,使靶细胞内cGMP水平升高而发挥生理作用。内皮型一氧化氮合酶 (eNOS)产生的NO可扩张血管、调节血压、改变局部血流、抑制血小板聚集、抗平滑肌细胞增殖。神经型一氧化氮合酶 (nNOS)产生的NO以递质形式参与神经信息传导和内分泌调节。诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)产生的NO在炎症、免疫反应中起细胞毒与细胞抑制作用。NO参与糖尿病微血管并发症的发病机制。NOS基因尤其是eNOS基因的突变或多态性可能与糖尿病血管并发症相关 Nitric oxide (NO) in the body exerts a physiological effect by activating soluble guanylate cyclase (GC) and increasing the level of cGMP in target cells. NO produced by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) can dilate blood vessels, regulate blood pressure, change local blood flow, inhibit platelet aggregation and inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation. NO produced by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is involved in neural information transduction and endocrine regulation in the form of neurotransmitters. NO produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) plays a cytotoxic and cytostatic role in inflammation and immune responses. NO participates in the pathogenesis of diabetic microvascular complications. Mutations or polymorphisms of the NOS gene, especially the eNOS gene, may be associated with diabetic vascular complications