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乔治三世致乾隆皇帝的国书是马戛尔尼访华事件(1792-1794)中的重要文献。这份文献的翻译过程曲折而耐人寻味,保存在清宫档案中的中文副本显示,英方以对等的姿态表达友好交往意愿的国书,经由翻译,变成了向中方输诚纳贡的英吉利国表文。本文从话语的角度,对国书及其译文进行解读,以揭示从国书到表文的奇特变化,其实是天朝朝贡话语运作的必然结果。
George III’s essay on Emperor Qianlong was an important document in Macartney’s visit to China (1792-1794). The twists and turns of thought in the translation process of this document, a Chinese copy kept in the Qing archives, shows that Britain’s diplomatic paper expressing the will of friendly exchanges in a reciprocal gesture has become an English State that transports Cheng Zhigonggong to China through translation. Form. From the perspective of discourse, this article interprets the national language and its translation in order to reveal the peculiar changes from the nationality text to the epigraph. In fact, it is the inevitable result of the operation of the tribute words of heaven and the earth.