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目的 了解 5岁以下儿童中以医院为基础的轮状病毒流行情况。方法 按WHO轮状病毒监测的通用方法 (CID 98)进行 ,轮状病毒检测采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 /酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)。毒株分型用ELISA/逆转录聚合酶链反应。结果 从 1998年 4月至 2 0 0 1年 3月收集的4 84份腹泻患儿粪便标本中 ,检出阳性标本 12 3份 ,总的轮状病毒感染检出率为 2 5 .4 % ,住院和门诊患儿检出率分别是 31.6 %和 2 7.3% ,而在轮状病毒流行季节 ,则可以引起高达 4 6 .2 %急性腹泻住院率。腹泻患儿发病呈现两个明显的季节高峰 :一个由细菌性痢疾引起的夏季 (6～ 9月 )发病高峰 ,另一个是轮状病毒感染腹泻造成的秋冬季 (10～ 12月 )发病高峰。轮状病毒感染 96 .8%发生于 3岁以下幼儿 ,主要在 6～ 11月龄 (38.2 % )和 1～ 2岁 (2 8.5 % )年龄组 ,轮状病毒感染率在 6～ 35月龄年龄段最高。流行的轮状病毒G血清型依次为G1(5 5 .3% )、G2 (2 6 .8% )、G3(9.8% )和G4 (0 .8% ) ,没有发现G9型 ,10份 (8.1% )标本未能分型 ,混合感染 (0 .8% )罕见。结论 轮状病毒腹泻是北京市儿童的重要传染病 ,开发应用安全有效的轮状病毒疫苗将对减轻轮状病毒疾病负担有重要作用。
Objectives To understand the prevalence of hospital-based rotavirus among children under five years of age. The method was carried out according to the WHO method of rotavirus surveillance (CID 98). The rotavirus was detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis / enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Strains were typed by ELISA / reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results A total of 12 4 positive samples were collected from 4 84 diarrhea samples collected from April 1998 to March 2001. The total detection rate of rotavirus was 25.4% Inpatient and outpatient detection rates were 31.6% and 23.3% respectively, whereas in the rotavirus season, up to 46.2% of acute diarrhea hospitalizations were caused. The incidence of diarrhea in children showed two obvious seasonal peaks: one caused by bacterial dysentery in the summer (June to September) peak incidence, and the other is rotavirus infection caused by diarrhea in autumn and winter (October to December) peak incidence. Rotavirus infection occurred in 96.8% of children under 3 years of age, mainly in the 6 to 11 months (38.2%) and 1 to 2 years (2 8.5%) age groups, rotavirus infection rates of 6 to 35 months of age The highest age. The prevailing rotavirus G serotypes were G1 (55.3%), G2 (26.8%), G3 (9.8%) and G4 (0.8%), no G9 type, 10 8.1%) specimens failed to type, mixed infection (0.8%) rare. Conclusions Rotavirus diarrhea is an important infectious disease of children in Beijing. To develop a safe and effective rotavirus vaccine will play an important role in reducing the burden of rotavirus disease.