十九世纪末,沙俄为侵略中国东北和称霸远东,在修筑西伯利亚大铁路的同时,为了在远东寻求一条到达海参崴的便捷通道。中日甲午战争,为沙俄找到了胁迫清朝同意修筑铁路的契机。清朝于1895年(光绪二十一年),同日本签订了不平等的《马关条约》,其中有割让辽东半岛给日本的规定。俄国一直视中国东北为自己的势力范围。蓄谋把东北变成它的“黄俄罗斯”。于是,联合德、法两国进行干涉,迫使日本退还辽东半岛。沙俄在“还辽”事件以后,即向清政府索取报酬。李鸿章于1896年与沙俄政府签订的中俄《御敌互相援助 At the end of the nineteenth century, for its invasion of northeast China and the domination of the Far East, Czarist Russia sought a convenient route to Vladivostok in the Far East while building the Siberian Railway. The Sino-Japanese War of 1894, for Czarist Russia found an opportunity to coerce the Qing Dynasty agreed to build the railway. In 1895 (twenty-one years Guangxu), the Qing Dynasty signed an unequal “Treaty of Shimonoseki” with Japan, among which there were provisions that ceded the Liaodong Peninsula to Japan. Russia has always regarded Northeast China as its own sphere of influence. Conspiracy to turn the northeast into its “yellow Russia.” As a result, the United Germany and France to intervene, forcing Japan to return Liaodong Peninsula. Czarist Russia claimed compensation from the Qing government after the incident of “returning Liao”. In 1896, Li Hung-chang signed the Sino-Russian “mutual aid against the enemy” with the tsarist government