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汞(Hg)是危害人类健康的主要重金属元素之一,多数食用菌对Hg有很强的富集能力,测定食用菌中Hg含量,并对其进行食用安全性评价具有重要意义。采用冷原子吸收直接测汞仪系统测定85份云南常见牛肝菌属真菌菌盖、菌柄中总Hg含量;以同一牛肝菌子实体菌盖与菌柄总Hg含量比(Q(C/S))分析牛肝菌属真菌对Hg的富集特征;根据联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)现行每周Hg允许摄入量(provisional tolerable weekly intake,PTWI)标准和中国GB 2762—2012规定的食用菌中Hg限量标准评价样品的食用安全性。结果表明,菌盖和菌柄中总Hg含量分别在0.13~22.00、0.20~8.40 mg·kg-1DW,不同产地、种类及不同采集年份的样品中总Hg含量存在明显差异;同一牛肝菌菌盖、菌柄总Hg含量比(Q(C/S))在0.28~4.08,92%的样品Q(C/S)>1,表明多数样品中菌盖对Hg的富集能力强于菌柄。根据GB 2762—2012规定的食用菌及其制品中总Hg含量限量标准(≤0.1 mg·kg-1),发现所有测试样品的总Hg含量均超标;根据PTWI标准,假设成年人(60 kg)每周食用300 g新鲜牛肝菌,则多数样品Hg摄入量低于允许摄入量,无安全风险,而少数样品Hg摄入量高于允许摄入量,食用有一定的潜在风险。同时,牛肝菌总Hg含量与种类、产地、采集时间等因素密切相关,采食及安全评价需综合考虑这些因素。
Mercury (Hg) is one of the major heavy metal elements that endanger human health. Most edible fungi have a strong ability of Hg enrichment. Determination of Hg content in edible fungi is of great importance to evaluate the safety of Hg. The contents of total Hg in 85 fungi capsicum and stipe of common Boletus in Yunnan were determined by cold atomic absorption direct mercury analyzer system. The total Hg content in the stems of the same porcini mushroom and the total Hg content in the stem (Q (C / S )) To analyze the Hg enrichment characteristics of Boletus fungi. According to the current weekly tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) standard of FAO / WHO and China GB 2762- 2012 edible mushroom Hg limited standard evaluation sample food safety. The results showed that the content of total Hg in the cap and the stem of the cap was 0.13-22.00 and 0.20-8.40 mg · kg-1DW, respectively. There was a significant difference in the total Hg content in the samples of different producing areas, types and different collection years. (Q / C)> 0.28 ~ 4.08, 92% of sample Q (C / S)> 1, indicating that the enrichment ability of the cap in most samples is stronger than that of the stipe . According to the standard of GB 2762-2012 for total Hg content in edible fungi and their products (≤0.1 mg · kg-1), the total Hg content of all the tested samples was found to exceed the standard. According to the PTWI standard, adults (60 kg) Weekly consumption of 300 g of fresh boletus, the majority of sample Hg intake is below the allowable intake, no safety risk, and a few samples of Hg intake is higher than the allowable intake, consumption of certain potential risks. At the same time, the content of total Hg of Bolete is closely related to the type, origin, collection time and other factors. Feeding and safety evaluation need to consider these factors synthetically.