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单分子操作技术,如原子力显微镜技术、光镊技术和单分子荧光光谱技术,能够对单分子局部力进行测量,因而能在单分子水平上研究核酸的弹性性质和机械诱导的结构转变。单分子操作技术已越来越多地应用于相关的核酸研究中,如DNA的打开与修饰、DNA 蛋白质相互作用、DNA凝聚、复制和转录。与经典的分子生物学技术相比,单分子操作技术避免了从大量实验结果中取平均的需要,因而可以提供更为详细的生物信息。本文概述了单分子操作技术的原理及其在核酸研究中的应用。
Single molecule manipulation techniques, such as atomic force microscopy, optical tweezers and single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy, enable the measurement of single-molecule local forces so that one can study the elastic properties of nucleic acids and the mechanistically induced structural transitions at the single molecule level. Single molecule manipulation techniques have been increasingly used in related nucleic acid research, such as DNA opening and modification, DNA protein interaction, DNA aggregation, replication and transcription. Compared to classical molecular biology techniques, single-molecule manipulation techniques eliminate the need to average large numbers of experiments and provide more detailed bioinformatics. This article summarizes the principles of single-molecule manipulation techniques and their applications in nucleic acid research.