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中国唐代隐士寒山是杰克·凯鲁亚克Jack Kerouac于1958年出版的半自传体小说《达摩流浪者》中的一个重要角色。该小说成功使得寒山成为美国垮掉一代的精神领袖。这个凯鲁亚克在《达摩流浪者》故事中塑造的寒山并非中国诗歌典籍与历史记载中的寒山的简单复制,而是从作者的信仰与想象的土壤中萌生出的一个崭新的禅师,他赋予了寒山波西米亚的特质、把他从古老的文本中解放出来,让这个一直被边缘化的东方隐士在西方文化中再生,成为了垮掉一代自由灵魂的标志符号。文章主要讨论了寒山子在中国历史与文学记录中的原型;凯鲁亚克在《达摩流浪者》中对于寒山子的再塑;以及寒山在东方与西方文化交融中的重生。
Hanshan, a Chinese hermit in the Tang Dynasty, was an important part of Jack Kerouac’s semi-autobiographical novel “Darmur” written by Jack Kerouac in 1958. The success of this novel makes Hanshan a spiritual leader of the collapsed generation in the United States. The cold mountain which this Kerouac created in the story of “Darmur Wanderers” is not a simple copy of the Han mountains in Chinese classics and historical records but a brand new Zen master emerging from the author’s belief and imagination. He endowed Hansen bohemian character, liberated him from the ancient texts, and regenerated the marginalized eastern hermit in western culture, becoming the symbol of the belated generation of free souls. The article mainly discusses the prototype of Han Shanzi in the history and literature of China; Korouake’s remodeling of Hanshan in “Dama Rover”; and the rebirth of Hanshan in the blend of oriental culture and western culture.