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为探明甘蓝型油菜光合特性杂种优势的日变化规律以及和环境因子的相互关系,以甘蓝型油菜杂交种‘秦杂油3号’及其亲本为材料,对油菜不同生育时期光合特性的杂种优势进行研究。结果表明:净光合速率和气孔导度的中亲优势和超亲优势在苗期最弱,薹期最强。在花期,一天当中净光合速率在上午为正向杂种优势,下午为负向杂种优势;气孔导度则上午为负向杂种优势,下午为正向杂种优势;蒸腾速率的中亲优势和超亲优势在花期最弱,薹期最强。水分利用效率的中亲优势和超亲优势在苗期最弱,在花期表现最强,角果期又开始下降。灰色关联度分析表明油菜光合杂种优势的主要环境影响因素是大气CO_2摩尔分数和空气相对湿度。宜在薹期进行高光效品种的选育,可以有效地发挥油菜的光合杂种优势,同时注意在不同时期合理利用水分利用效率进行田间管理。
In order to study the diurnal variation of heterosis of photosynthetic characteristics of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and its relationship with environmental factors, a crossbred rape hybrid ’Qinchayou 3’ and its parents were used to study the photosynthetic characteristics of hybrid rape at different growth stages Advantages of research. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance in the pro-parent and super-parents in the weakest seedling stage, the strongest stage. In florescence, net photosynthetic rate was positive heterosis in the morning and negative heterosis in the afternoon, negative heterosis in the morning in the morning and negative heterosis in the afternoon, middle progenies and super parents in the transpiration rate The weakest flowering, the strongest stage. Water use efficiency of the pro-parent advantage and super-parents in the weakest seedling stage, the strongest performance in florescence, Kok period began to decline. Gray correlation analysis showed that the main environmental factors affecting photosynthetic heterosis of rape were atmospheric CO 2 mole fraction and air relative humidity. Breeding should be carried out in the high light efficiency varieties in the bolting stage, can effectively play rape photosynthetic hybrid advantages, while paying attention to rational use of water use efficiency in different periods of field management.