目的：观察黄芪注射液对肾病综合征（ＮＳ）患者肾小管的保护作用，探讨其治疗慢性肾炎的作用机理。方法：将１２０例原发性ＮＳ患者随机分为黄芪组（ｎ＝６０）和对照组（ｎ＝６０），观察治疗前后血白蛋白（ＰＡＬｂ）、血β２微球蛋白（Ｐβ２ＭＧ）、尿β２ＭＧ（Ｕβ２ＭＧ）、尿γ谷氨酰转肽酶（ＵγＧＴ）、尿βＤ半乳糖苷酶（ＵＧａＬ）、尿乙酰βＤ氨基葡萄糖苷酶（ＵＮＡＧ）及尿２４小时蛋白定量（蛋白定量）的变化。结果：治疗后黄芪组ＵＮＡＧ、ＵＧａｌ、Ｕβ２ＭＧ、Ｐβ２ＭＧ，ＵγＧＴ均较对照组为低，ＰＡＬｂ较对照组为高，而蛋白定量无差异。结论：黄芪注射液通过改善ＮＳ患者低蛋白血症状态对肾小管起保护作用 Objective: To observe the protective effect of Huangqi injection on renal tubules in patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS), and to explore its mechanism of action in treating chronic nephritis. Methods: 120 patients with primary NS were randomly divided into astragalus group (n=60) and control group (n=60). Serum albumin (PALb) and serum β2-microglobulin (Pβ2-MG) were observed before and after treatment. Urinary β2-MG (Uβ2-MG), Urinary γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (Uγ-GT), Urinary β-D-galactosidase (U-GaL), Urine Acetyl beta-D-glucosaminidase (UNAG) and 24-hour urine protein quantification (protein quantification) changes. Results: Compared with the control group, the levels of UNAG, UGal, Uβ2MG, Pβ2MG and UγGT in the Astragalus membranaceus group were lower than those in the control group. The PALb was higher than that in the control group, but there was no difference in protein quantification. Conclusion: Huangqi Injection can protect the renal tubules by improving the state of hypoproteinemia in NS patients