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1.前言石墨的晶体结构,在碳原子面上以SP~2杂化轨道电子形成的共价键及P_z轨道电子形成的金属键相连结,从而形成牢固的六角网状平面。碳原子间具有极强的键合能(345kJ/mol);而在碳原子平面间,其结合则是弱的范德瓦尔键(键能16.7kJ/mol)。这种层状结构的特点决定了石墨一系列的理化特性,同时也提供了其它物质插入碳原子平面间,从而形成一类新型材料的可能性。后者就是所谓的石墨层间化合物GlL_(?)(Graphite Intercalation Compounds)。
1. INTRODUCTION The crystal structure of graphite is linked with the covalent bonds formed by SP ~ 2 hybrid orbital electrons and the metal bonds formed by P_z orbital electrons on the surface of carbon atoms to form a solid hexagonal network plane. Carbon atoms have a strong bond energy (345 kJ / mol); while in the plane of carbon atoms, their bonds are weak van der Waal bonds (bond energy of 16.7 kJ / mol). The characteristics of this layered structure determine a series of physical and chemical properties of graphite, and at the same time provide the possibility of inserting other substances into the planes of carbon atoms to form a new class of materials. The latter is the so-called graphite intercalation compounds GlL _ (?) (Graphite Intercalation Compounds).