十月革命胜利后,列宁按照马克思恩格斯的设想,创建了“战时共产主义”制度。当时他认为,这种制度即相当于马克思恩格斯所说的共产主义社会第一阶段,实行一段时间即可过渡到共产主义社会。结果实行“战时共产主义”并不理想,于是,永远站在时代前列的列宁立即着手改革,并在改革中创造出新经济政策。新经济政策对“战时共产主义”来说,显然是一次改革。 问题是如何理解这次改革?列宁称之为“战略退却”。我们对战略退却性质的理解是:一、实行新经济政策,决非取消社会主义基本制度,放弃社会主义阵地。列 After the victory of the October Revolution, Lenin, in accordance with the ideas of Marx and Engels, created the “communist wartime” system. At that time, he believed that such a system was equivalent to the first stage of communist society as Marx and Engels said, and after some time it would be possible to make a transition to a communist society. As a result, “wartime communism” was not ideal. As a result, Lenin, who stood at the forefront of the times, immediately started the reform and created a new economic policy during the reform. The New Economic Policy For “war communism”, it is obviously a reform. The question is how to understand this reform? Lenin called it a “strategic retreat.” Our understanding of the nature of strategic retreat is: First, the implementation of the new economic policy will never be to abolish the basic socialist system and give up its position of socialism. Column