目的了解咸阳市学龄前儿童蛲虫感染综合防治效果。方法对咸阳市城区和农村8所幼儿园的886名儿童进行蛲虫感染情况调查。各选取2所城区幼儿园、农村幼儿园为综合防治措施实施对象,另4所幼儿园为对照点。对干预点开展药物治疗、健康教育和改善基础设施、环境卫生等综合防治,对照点除对阳性儿童药物治疗外不进行任何干预措施。结果干预点的蛲虫感染率城区由6.8%降至0.7%,农村由18.5%降至5.0%;家长对蛲虫病防治知识知晓情况城区由62.2%升至98.6%,农村由35.3%升至88.5%;幼儿教师、保育员对蛲虫病防治知识知晓情况城区由75.0%升至100%,农村由50.0%升至90.0%,差异均有统计学意义。对照点防治前后差异均无统计学意义。结论实施综合防治措施对控制蛲虫感染效果显著。 Objective To understand the comprehensive prevention and control of pinworm infection in preschool children in Xianyang. Methods A total of 886 children from 8 kindergartens in urban and rural areas of Xianyang City were surveyed for Enterobius infestation. The selection of two urban kindergartens, rural kindergartens for the implementation of comprehensive prevention and control measures, and the other four kindergartens as a control point. The intervention points for drug treatment, health education and improve infrastructure, sanitation and other comprehensive prevention and control, in addition to the positive point of child medication without any interventions. Results The prevalence of pinworm in the intervention area was reduced from 6.8% to 0.7% in urban areas and from 18.5% to 5.0% in rural areas. The awareness of parents on the prevention and control of pinworm disease rose from 62.2% to 98.6% in urban areas and from 35.3% in rural areas 88.5%. The awareness of preschool teachers and nursery students about the prevention and control of enterobiasis increased from 75.0% to 100% in urban areas and from 50.0% to 90.0% in rural areas. The differences were statistically significant. Control points before and after the control differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion The implementation of integrated control measures has significant effect on the control of pinworm infection.