小麦籽粒的发育存在时空差异,不同穗粒位的粒重和蛋白质产量也存在差异,剖析粒重和籽粒蛋白质含量的穗粒位效应,有助于深入了解小麦产量和品质的形成机制。于2009—2010和2010—2011小麦生长季进行大田试验,选用3种类型4个品种,分析了不同穗粒位的粒重、蛋白质积累和蛋白质含量的动态变化。结果表明,粒重和蛋白质积累量的穗粒位间变异大于年份(环境)间变异和基因型间变异;蛋白质含量的年份间变异大于基因型间变异和穗粒位间变异,而成熟期穗粒位间变异最大。大粒品种易受环境影响,小粒品种比较稳定。优质面包小麦品种开花后各时期的籽粒蛋白质含量普遍高于中筋小麦,但不同时期、不同年份差异较大。开花后各时期,强势粒的粒重、蛋白质积累量和蛋白质含量显著大于弱势粒,中部籽粒显著大于上部和下部籽粒;随着灌浆进程穗中部与下部籽粒的差异变小,至开花后36 d时,中部和下部籽粒的蛋白质含量无显著差异。随籽粒灌浆进程,不同品种各穗粒位的粒重和蛋白质积累均呈“慢–快–慢”的“S”型曲线变化,蛋白质含量均呈“高–低–高”的“V”型曲线变化,灌浆后期,中部和下部强势粒以及下部弱势粒的蛋白质含量增长速度明显快于其他穗粒位籽粒。粒重最大生长速率出现在开花后18~21 d,快速增重时期为开花后12~26 d;籽粒蛋白质最大积累速率出现在开花后21~24 d,快速积累时期为开花后13~32 d。根据本研究结果,我们认为高产优质小麦品种的特征是籽粒不宜过大,小花位粒数不宜过多,且中、下部籽粒较多,开花后13~26 d灌浆速率快。 There are also differences in the development of wheat grains in space-time. Grain weight and protein yield of different grain-ear positions also differ. Analyzing the grain-filling effect of grain weight and grain protein content may help to understand the formation mechanism of wheat yield and quality. Field experiments were conducted in 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 wheat growing seasons. Three varieties and 4 varieties were selected to analyze the dynamic changes of grain weight, protein accumulation and protein content at different ear positions. The results showed that the variation of kernel weight and protein accumulation was greater than that between years (environment) and between genotypes. The variation of protein content was greater than that between genotypes and panicle variation, while that of maturity Variation between the largest grain. Large grain varieties vulnerable to the environment, small grain varieties more stable. The content of grain protein of high-quality bread wheat varieties was higher than that of middle-gluten wheat at each period after flowering, but there were significant differences in different periods and years. Grain weight, protein accumulation and protein content of dominant grains were significantly greater than those of inferior grains at middle and late flowering days, and grain sizes in middle were significantly larger than those in upper and lower grains. There was no significant difference in protein content between the middle and lower kernels. With the process of grain filling, the grain weight and protein accumulation of grains in different varieties showed “slow - fast - slow ” “S ” curve changes, “V ” curve changes, the late grain filling, the middle and lower strong grains and lower inferior grains protein content increased significantly faster than other grains of grain. The maximum growth rate of grain weight occurred 18-21 days after flowering and 12-26 days after flowering. The maximum accumulation rate of grain protein appeared 21-24 days after flowering, and the rapid accumulation period was 13-32 days after flowering . According to the results of this study, we believe that the characteristics of high-yielding and high-quality wheat varieties are that grain should not be too large, the number of small grains should not be too large, and the middle and lower grains are more, and the filling rate is fast between 13 and 26 d after flowering.