同样的药物、同样的给药途径,在不同的患者身上可能会出现完全不同的疗效,这是因为患者之间存在着个体差异。影响药效的个体化因素主要包括以下几个方面:年龄因素由于年龄的关系,人的解剖生理特点和生化功能与成年人存在着很大差别,药物在人体内的分布、吸收、代谢、排泄也有不同的规律,疗效和不良反应也不同。儿童的肝肾功能尚未发育完全,药物的清除率较低,容易受到药物的影响。例如,新生儿肝脏葡萄糖醛酸结合能力尚欠缺,如果应用氯霉素,就可能导致灰婴综合征,应用吗 The same drug, the same route of administration, may have completely different effects on different patients because of the individual differences between patients. The individual factors that affect the efficacy include the following aspects: Age factors Because of age, human anatomical and physiological characteristics and biochemical functions and adults there is a big difference, the distribution of drugs in the body, absorption, metabolism, excretion There are also different laws, efficacy and adverse reactions are also different. Children’s liver and kidney function has not yet fully developed, drug clearance rate lower, susceptible to drugs. For example, neonatal liver glucuronide binding capacity is still lacking, if the application of chloramphenicol, may lead to gray infant syndrome, the application of it