一一个朝代的文化发展必定与其特定的时代背景密切联系着,元朝推行的是民族歧视、压制汉文化的政策,其中最重要的是废除自隋代开始的科举制度。从而使中国传统的儒家文化受到草原游牧文化强烈的冲击,尤其是中原文人饱受摧残和伤害,出现了“九儒十丐”、文人出仕无门的报国悲哀现象。此时,本是宋文人士大夫雅好娱乐的琴棋书画便成为元文人的精神寄托,汉文化面对不被国家上层人士重视、并禁止各族人们学习汉文字的恶劣形势,元代书家不得不高唱复古之歌来保卫汉 The cultural development of one dynasty must be closely linked with its specific historical background. The Yuan Dynasty promoted the policy of ethnic discrimination and suppression of Han culture, the most important of which was the abolition of the imperial examination system that started from the Sui Dynasty. Thus, the traditional Confucianism in China was strongly influenced by the nomadic culture in the grasslands, especially the suffering and destruction of the scholar in the Central Plains. At this time, the poetry and calligraphy, which was originally a well-deserved piece of Song’s literary gentry, became the spiritual sustenance of the Mongolian literati. In the face of the harsh cultural conditions in which Han people were not allowed to learn Chinese characters, Have to sing retro songs to defend the Han