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在西方国家,除一般意义上的保密制度外,在立法、行政、司法等领域还形成一些与保密相关且颇具特色的重要制度,与保密基本制度相辅相成。其中,在证据法领域内形成的保密特权即具有典型意义。本文主要介绍了4种学理上的保密特权或拒绝证言特权:反对强制自我归罪特权、家庭秘密特权、职业秘密特权和公务秘密特权,以期使读者进一步了解保密特权的积极社会意义。
In the western countries, apart from the confidential system in the general sense, some important systems related to confidentiality have also been formed in the fields of legislation, administration and judiciary, which complement the confidential basic system. Among them, the privilege formed in the field of evidence law is of typical significance. This article mainly introduces four kinds of academic privilege of confidentiality or denial of testimony: objection to coercive self-incrimination, family secret privilege, occupational secret privilege and official secrets privilege, in order to make readers know more about the positive social significance of privilege.