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公共政策主体是指参与、影响公共政策全过程,对公共政策有直接或者间接的决定作用的组织或个人。公共政策主体主导着公共政策的制定、执行乃至调整。公共管理的目标是有效地维护与增进并公平分配社会公共利益,而由于在管理中地位的不同,政策主体对政策结果的影响也各异。公共政策运作的整个过程就是多种主体力量相互博弈的过程,无论从纵向还是从横向维度上看,每个主体以及主体内部的各个层面都存在不同的利益,共同作用于公共政策的整个过程。所以从公共政策运行的各个阶段,来关注公共政策主体的发展状况就显得至关重要。
The main body of public policy is to participate in, affect the whole process of public policy, public policy has a direct or indirect decision-making organizations or individuals. The main body of public policy dominates the formulation, implementation and even adjustment of public policies. The goal of public administration is to effectively safeguard and promote the fair distribution of social and public interests. Due to the different status in management, the influence of policy subjects on policy outcomes varies. The whole process of the operation of public policy is a process in which a plurality of principal forces play against each other. No matter from the vertical or horizontal perspective, each subject and all levels within the subject have different interests and act together in the whole process of public policy. Therefore, it is of vital importance to pay attention to the development of the main body of public policy from all stages of the operation of public policy.