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随着电子设备不断向小型化、集成化发展,热电制冷器作为一种有效的主动冷却器件被应用于精密恒温器、医疗仪器、电子控制元件等的快速制冷及在环境条件变化下的适应性调节,其非稳态传热研究具有重要价值。虽然国内外学者针对热电制冷器工作原理和制冷性能的研究已做了大量工作,但大多都将热电偶内焦耳热视为均匀内热源,忽略了微观导热情况。为了得到适于工程应用的分析方法,遵循实际情况,将焦耳热作为热电偶内非均匀内热源,建立了分析模型,并基于分流和叠加的思想,提出了一种热电偶内温度和热流量分布的工程求解方法,最终得到了热电偶在第三类边界条件下的温度和热流量分布公式。通过对结果的验算,证明了所得计算公式的正确性,为热电制冷技术的深入研究和应用提供了理论指导。
As electronic devices continue to be miniaturized and integrated, the thermoelectric cooler, as an active active cooling device, is applied to the rapid cooling of precision thermostats, medical instruments, electronic control components and the like, and its adaptability under the change of environmental conditions Regulated, its unsteady heat transfer research has important value. Although domestic and foreign scholars have done a lot of work on the working principle and refrigeration performance of the thermoelectric cooler, most of them consider the Joule heat inside the thermocouple as a uniform internal heat source, neglecting the micro-thermal conduction. In order to get the analytic method suitable for engineering application, according to the actual situation, the Joule heat is used as the non-uniform internal heat source in the thermocouple, and the analytical model is established. Based on the idea of shunt and superposition, a thermocouple internal temperature and heat flux Distributed engineering solution method, the temperature and the heat flux distribution formula of the thermocouple under the third type of boundary conditions are finally obtained. Through checking the result, the correctness of the calculation formula is proved, which provides theoretical guidance for the further research and application of thermoelectric refrigeration technology.