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一、需求弹性的分析需求弹性,即需求的价格弹性,是英国著名资产阶级经济学家,剑桥学派创始人艾尔弗雷德。马歇尔首先提出的一个经济学概念,是马歇尔对经济学的一个重要贡献。它是指需求变化对价格变动灵敏反映的程度。用公式表示就是:需求弹性=需求数量的相对变动/价格的相对变动即需求变动的百分比除以价格变动的百分比。计算结果常称为弹性系数。系数的绝对值越大,则表明需求对价格的敏感性越强。反之,则表明越弱。不同类的商品,由于存在着需求上的差异性,因此,它们的需求弹性存在着很大的差异。70年代,美国报纸的弹性为0.1,新汽车的弹性为1.2-1.5,到国外旅行为4。根据商品需求变动对价格变动反应灵敏度高低,需求弹性可分为以下五种类型:
First, the analysis of demand elasticity Demand elasticity, the price elasticity of demand, is the famous British bourgeois economist, founder of the Cambridge School Alfred. Marshall first proposed a concept of economics, Marshall is an important contribution to economics. It refers to the extent to which demand changes reflect price changes sensitively. The formula is: Demand elasticity = relative change in demand / relative change in price, which is the percentage change in demand divided by the percentage change in price. The result of the calculation is often called the elastic coefficient. The larger the absolute value of the coefficient, the stronger the sensitivity of demand to price. On the contrary, it shows that the weaker. Different types of goods, due to the existence of differences in demand, so there is a big difference in their demand elasticity. In the 1970s, American newspapers had a flexibility of 0.1, new cars had a flexibility of 1.2-1.5, and trips abroad had been four. According to the change of commodity demand, the price sensitivity of the reaction, the demand elasticity can be divided into the following five types: