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凯恩斯主义学说第二次世界大战以后在欧美取得了空前的发展,同时以国家干预经济的指导思想也甚嚣尘上。然而,随着政府对福利支出的刚性无序增长、布雷顿森林体系破产、新的石油危机等一系列冲击,以凯恩斯主义指导的经济学面临着重重危机,人们不得不在国家干预和自由竞争之间做出新的抉择。在给经济发展提出新的指导意见的关键时刻,撒切尔夫人在英国执政、里根在美国竞选总统成功,成为后凯恩斯时代的经济风向标。而在此之前,1974年诺贝尔经济学奖同时授予了坚持中间道路的缪尔达尔和自由主义的坚定拥护者哈耶克,无疑是国家对公平正义的干预和自由竞争对效率追求的拐点。
Keynesian doctrine made unprecedented progress in Europe and the United States after the Second World War, and at the same time the guiding ideology of state intervention in economy was rampant. However, with the government’s rigid and chaotic welfare spending growth, the Bretton Woods system bankruptcy, the new oil crisis and a series of shocks, Keynesian-oriented economics faces a series of crises and people have to intervene in the state and free competition Make new choices At the crucial moment when new guidance was given to economic development, Margaret Thatcher was ruled by Britain and Reagan was successful as president in the United States, becoming the economic benchmark for the post-Keynesian era. Prior to this, the 1974 Nobel Prize for Economics awarded to both Myurdeau and Hayek, the staunch supporter of liberalism, was undoubtedly the country’s turning point in the pursuit of fairness and justice and free competition.