一、问题的提出引进国外先进技术和管理经验,进口国内紧缺物资和设备,是加速我国现代化建设进程的必要条件。增加进口就必须大力发展出口以增加外汇收入。为此,近年来我国深化了外贸体制改革,把过去实行的进出口盈亏由中央财政统收统支的办法改为独立核算、自负盈亏。这样做,要求理顺各种经济关系,广泛运用价格、税收、汇率、信贷等各种经济杠杆,加强宏观调控。在没有国际政治势力干扰,本国产品的质量、性能与别国基本相同的情况下,政府实施鼓励产品出口的政策一般受制于两方面的因素:一是出口产品的价格。如果产品价格低廉,势必畅销;反之,则难以争取到国际市场。 I. Introduction of Problems The introduction of advanced foreign technologies and management experience and the import of scarce materials and equipment in China are necessary conditions for accelerating the process of China’s modernization. To increase imports, we must vigorously develop exports to increase foreign exchange earnings. Therefore, in recent years, China has deepened the reform of its foreign trade system and changed the previous implementation of the profit and loss of imports and exports by the central government into independent accounting and self-financing. In doing so, it calls for straightening out various economic relations and extensively using various economic levers such as prices, taxes, exchange rates and credit to step up macroeconomic regulation and control. Without the interference of international political forces, the quality and performance of domestic products are basically the same as those of other countries. The government’s policy of encouraging the export of products is generally constrained by two factors: First, the price of exported products. If the product is cheap, it is bound to sell well; otherwise, it is hard to win the international market.