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以塔中地区为例,利用野外观测数据和通过对比分析,论述了气候、地表粗糙度(包括植被覆盖)以及地表土壤特性等因子对土壤风蚀的影响,并对这些影响因子进行了量化研究。结果表明:塔中地区的年平均风蚀气候因子指数C为28.3,从季节分布上来说,夏季最大为13.9,冬季最小仅为0.7,C值与风速有着密切的指数关系;塔中地区的地表粗糙度Z0平均为6.32×10-5m,地表粗糙度小,加重了该地区的土壤风蚀程度;塔中地区的土壤类型特点、地表土壤平均粒径小、缺乏植被覆盖以及地表土壤含水率低为该地区土壤风蚀的发生提供了良好的条件。塔中地区土壤风蚀的现状是该地区气候、地表粗糙度以及地表土壤特性等因子共同作用的结果。
Taking Tazhong area as an example, the effects of climate, surface roughness (including vegetation cover) and surface soil characteristics on wind erosion were discussed by using field observation data and comparative analysis. Quantitative research was conducted on these factors. The results show that the annual mean wind erosion index C of Tazhong is 28.3. From the seasonal distribution, the maximum is 13.9 in summer and the minimum is only 0.7 in winter. The C value has close exponential relationship with wind speed. The surface roughness The average degree of Z0 is 6.32 × 10-5m, the surface roughness is small, which aggravates the degree of soil erosion in this area. The characteristics of soil types in Tazhong area, the small average surface soil size, the lack of vegetation cover and the low soil moisture content of the surface Regional soil erosion provides good conditions. Wind erosion in the Tazhong area is the result of the combination of climate, surface roughness and surface soil characteristics in the area.