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大麻是国际管制的麻醉药品,因其价廉且摄取方便而长期在世界范围内被广泛使用。近年来,作为大麻的替代品,各种新型合成大麻素以“香料”的形式不断涌现并被非法使用。摄入大麻类物质后,使用者的短期记忆、感觉敏感性以及运动神经协调性等都会受到损伤,因此,生物检材中大麻类物质的检测及结果评判十分重要。本文主要围绕大麻及合成大麻素等大麻类物质的药理毒理特点、体内代谢、原体及代谢产物的检测方法等方面的研究进行综述。
Cannabis, an internationally controlled narcotic drug, has long been widely used around the world for its cheapness and ease of access. In recent years, as a substitute for cannabis, various new synthetic cannabinoids have emerged as “spices” and illegally used. Ingestion of cannabinoids results in damage to users’ short-term memory, sensory sensitivity and motor coordination. Therefore, it is important to test and evaluate the results of cannabinoids in biological samples. This article mainly reviews the pharmacological and toxicological characteristics of cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids and other metabolites, the in vivo metabolism and the detection methods of metabolites.