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目的了解乌鲁木齐市汉族孕妇膳食营养摄入及各种营养素达标情况,以便改善和提高孕妇的营养状况。方法随机选择自治区妇幼保健院营养门诊就诊的213名汉族孕妇作为调查对象,采用问卷方式24小时膳食回顾法对每个调查对象进行膳食调查,建立数据库,与《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs)》进行比较分析。结果孕妇膳食结构不合理,虽然孕期蔬菜与水果类摄入量已达到中国营养学会推荐摄入量,但其他种类食物却低于推荐摄入量。孕早期能量摄入2 086.70kcal,孕中期3 200.40kcal,孕晚期3 650.70kcal,分别占RNI的90.70%、128.00%和130.40%;孕早期蛋白质摄入61.60kcal,孕中期71.70kcal,孕晚期71.30kcal,分别占RNI的82.10%、89.60%和83.90%,而且植物性蛋白质摄入过多,动物性蛋白摄入量低于全国30%的平均水平;孕妇膳食中钙、铁主要来源是植物性食物,分别占65%和90%,但在植物性食物中钙、铁的吸收率很低;维生素C、维生素B6以及叶酸摄入不足,其中叶酸摄入量严重缺乏,孕早期叶酸摄入68.50μg,孕中期84.90μg,孕晚期93.20μg,分别占RNI的11.40%、14.20%和15.50%。结论孕妇各期膳食结构不合理;孕早期热能及营养素不能满足机体需要,孕中、晚期膳食较为合理,但维生素B6、维生素C、叶酸的摄入水平严重不足;动物性蛋白、钙、铁摄入不足。
Objective To understand the nutritional intake of pregnant women in Han nationality in Urumqi and the compliance of various nutrients in order to improve and improve the nutritional status of pregnant women. Methods A total of 213 Chinese pregnant women were selected randomly from nutrition outpatient clinics in MCH hospitals. The 24-hour questionnaire was used to investigate the diet of each respondent. A database was established to compare with the “Dietary Reference Intakes of Chinese Citizens DRIs) ”for comparative analysis. Results pregnant women diet structure is irrational, although the intake of vegetables and fruits during pregnancy has reached the recommended nutrition of the Chinese Society of Nutrition, but other types of food is lower than the recommended intake. Early pregnancy energy intake of 2,086.70kcal, the second trimester of 3 200.40 kcal, the third trimester of 3 650.70kcal, RNI accounted for 90.70%, 128.00% and 130.40%; the first trimester protein intake 61.60kcal, second trimester 71.70kcal, third trimester 71.30 kcal accounted for 82.10%, 89.60% and 83.90% of RNI respectively, and the intake of plant protein was too much and the intake of animal protein was below the national average of 30%. The main source of calcium and iron in pregnant women was plant Food, accounting for 65% and 90% respectively, but the absorption rate of calcium and iron in plant foods is very low; the intake of vitamin C, vitamin B6 and folic acid is insufficient, and the incidence of folic acid intake is serious, and the intake of folic acid in early pregnancy is 68.50 μg, 84.90μg in the second trimester and 93.20μg in the third trimester, accounting for 11.40%, 14.20% and 15.50% of RNI, respectively. Conclusion The dietary structure of pregnant women in different periods is unreasonable. The heat and nutrients in early pregnancy can not meet the needs of the body. The diet in middle and late pregnancy is more reasonable. However, the intake of vitamin B6, vitamin C and folic acid is not enough. Inadequate.