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目的了解舟山市小学生超重肥胖的现状及影响因素,为有效开展肥胖干预提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,随机抽取舟山市定海区2所小学7～12岁学生共2730人,进行问卷调查和体格检查。结果共检出超重小学生518人,超重检出率为19.95%,其中男生为25.15%,女生为14.26%;共检出肥胖学生334人,肥胖检出率为12.86%,其中男生为15.93%,女生为9.51%;共检出超重+肥胖人数852人,超重+肥胖检出率为32.81%,其中男生为41.08%,女生为23.77%;男生的超重、肥胖和超重+肥胖的检出率都较女生组高,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。超重、肥胖检出率总体按年龄呈单峰分布,以9～10岁组为高。经多元线性回归分析表明,父母的BMI以及食欲好,进食快,喜吃肉类、面食及油炸食品,睡前吃零食,户外运动少为儿童期BMI的可能影响因素。结论舟山市儿童肥胖已呈广泛流行,肥胖防控工作刻不容缓。儿童肥胖受遗传因素及环境行为因素影响,卫生部门、社会、家庭、学校多方应共同参与制定实施切实可行的防控方案,才有可能抑制儿童肥胖的快速进展。
Objective To understand the status and influencing factors of overweight and obesity among primary school students in Zhoushan City and provide the basis for effective intervention in obesity. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to randomly select 2,730 students from 7 to 12 years old from 2 elementary schools in Dinghai District of Zhoushan City for questionnaire survey and physical examination. Results A total of 518 overweight pupils were detected. The detection rate of overweight was 19.95%, of which 25.15% were for boys and 14.26% for girls. A total of 334 obese students were detected, the detection rate of obesity was 12.86%, of which 15.93% The number of overweight and obesity was 852, the detection rate of overweight and obesity was 32.81%, including 41.08% for boys and 23.77% for girls; the detection rate of overweight, obesity and overweight + obesity among boys were all Higher than the girls group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The detection rate of overweight and obesity showed a unimodal distribution according to age, which was higher in the age group of 9 to 10 years old. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the parents of BMI and good appetite, fasting, like to eat meat, pasta and fried foods, snacking before going to bed, outdoor exercise is less likely to be a risk factor for childhood BMI. Conclusion Zhoushan City, children obesity has been widely prevalent, obesity prevention and control work without delay. Children’s obesity is affected by genetic factors and environmental behavior factors. Health departments, society, families and schools should jointly participate in formulating and implementing practical prevention and control programs to prevent the rapid progress of childhood obesity.