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(超)低空空域已成为空域资源充分开发利用的重要组成部分并得到各国广泛关注,无人机活动是其重要形式并显现出巨大的社会经济前景。首先分析了(超)低空空域资源开发利用的时代背景和城市区域(超)低空空域无人机活动面临的挑战,并综述了国内外无人机活动的法律体系保障和通道划设研究进展;其次归纳总结了城市区域(超)低空空域无人机活动高度—密度规则、覆盖区规则和隔离区规则的存在形式及其优化方案;最后在构建无人机(群)空中网络的基础上,针对不同无人机活动类型对空中通道的需求,展望了从3D城市模型基础方法到最优函数地图方法的演进。研究认为:无人机活动通道划设中既包括高度—密度一般规则,也包括覆盖区、隔离区特殊规则,在3D城市模型基础上应用最优函数地图方法有助于最优活动通道的选择;依据城市区域地面建筑与居民实际情况确立的通道划设规则与方法对于(超)低空空域资源开发以及协调空地矛盾,乃至国家空域系统的实施都具有重要作用。
(Ultra) low-altitude airspace has become an important part of the full exploitation and utilization of airspace resources and has drawn wide attention from all over the world. UAV activity is an important form and shows great social and economic prospects. First of all, it analyzes the background of development and utilization of low altitude airspace resources and the challenges faced by UAVs in the low altitude airspace. And the research progress on the protection of the legal system and the routing of unmanned aerial vehicles at home and abroad are reviewed. Secondly, the paper summarizes the existing forms and optimization schemes of UAV altitude-density rules, coverage rules and isolation rules in urban (ultra) low altitude airspace. Finally, on the basis of constructing the UAV (group) In view of the demand for air corridors for different UAV activity types, the evolution from the 3D city model basic method to the best function map method is prospected. The research shows that the UAV activity channel includes both general rules of height and density, special rules of coverage area and isolation zone, and the optimal function map method based on 3D city model is helpful to the selection of the optimal activity channel . The rules and methods of channeling based on the actual situation of ground buildings and residents in urban areas play an important role in the development of (ultra) low-altitude airspace resources and in the coordination of the contradiction between open space and the implementation of national airspace systems.