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目的探讨孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童认知功能与行为特征的性别差异。方法选取2013年6月-2015年6月确诊ASD儿童621例,其中男503例,女118例。采用儿童心理教育评估第3版(PEP-3)各副测验百分比、原积分、发展年龄评估ASD儿童认知功能与行为特征。根据PEP-3认知(CVP)副测验百分比分成四组:~25%组(A组)、~50%组(B组)、~75%组(C组)、~100%组(D组)。分析ASD儿童不同认知功能与性别差异相关的行为特征。结果 1)ASD女童组在PEP-3各副测验包括认知(CVP)、语言表达(EL)、语言理解(RL)、小肌肉(FM)、大肌肉(GM)、模仿(VMI)、情感表达(AE)、社会互动(SR)、行为特征-非语言(CMB)、行为特征-语言(CVB)、问题行为(PB)、个人自理(PSC)、适应行为(AB)的原积分、发展年龄均低于男童组(P均<0.05)。2)A组女童CVP(P<0.001)、GM原积分(P=0.010)低于男童,ASD男女童在A组其余副测验以及B、C、D组副测验的原积分差异均未发现有统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 1)ASD女童认知功能、沟通社会互动、大小运动能力的损伤均较男童严重,个人自理能力、适应行为落后于男童。2)ASD女童认知功能低下是影响ASD行为特征男女性别差异的重要因素。
Objective To investigate the gender differences of cognitive function and behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods From June 2013 to June 2015, 621 children with ASD were diagnosed, including 503 males and 118 females. The percentage of children’s psychological education evaluation 3rd edition (PEP-3), the original score and the age of development were used to evaluate the cognitive function and behavior characteristics of ASD children. Patients were divided into four groups according to the percentage of the PEP-3 cognitive (CVP) subtest: ~ 25% in group A, ~ 50% in group B, ~ 75% in group C, ~ 100% in group D ). To analyze the behavioral characteristics of children with ASD related to different cognitive functions and gender differences. Results 1) In the ASD girls group, the subtest of PEP-3 included cognition, EL, RL, FM, GM, VMI, emotion (AE), Social Interaction (SR), CMB, CVB, PB, PSC, AB of AB, development The average age was lower than that of boys (all P <0.05). 2) CVP (P <0.001) of girls in group A was lower than that of boys in the original score of GM (P = 0.010), no difference was found in the other subtest of ASD boys and girls in group A and the subtest of group B, C, D There was statistical significance (P> 0.05). CONCLUSIONS 1) The ASD girls’ cognitive function, social interaction and the ability of size movement are more serious than those of boys, their self-care ability and their adaptive behavior lag behind that of boys. 2) The cognitive dysfunction of ASD girls is an important factor that affects the gender differences in the behavior characteristics of ASD.