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综述了超临界流体抽提方法(SFE)的原理、特点,并以CO2作为流体,对济阳坳陷烃源岩样品进行了超临界抽提实验。选择了影响SFE抽提效率的压力、温度、时间3个主要因素进行烃源岩的超临界抽提条件实验,探讨了这3个条件的变化对烃源岩SFE抽提效率的影响,确定了CO2作为超临界流体抽提烃源岩的最佳条件为24MPa、50℃、30min,建立了烃源岩中可溶有机质的超临界流体抽提方法。同时用气相色谱、色谱—质谱等分析方法,将超临界抽提法得到的有机地球化学生物标志物参数与索氏抽提方法(SE)进行了对比,证实了超临界抽提法可替代传统索氏抽提方法,并且该方法保留了更多的低碳数烃组分,是分离烃源岩中可溶物的有效方法。在此基础上应用该方法对东营凹陷南斜坡沙四上亚段烃源岩烃产率进行了研究,发现超临界抽提法在计算烃产率方面更具优越性。
In this paper, the principles and characteristics of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) are summarized. CO2 source fluid is used as a sample to carry out the supercritical fluid extraction of source rocks in Jiyang Depression. Three main factors affecting the extraction efficiency of SFE, such as pressure, temperature and time, were selected to carry out the experiments of supercritical extraction of source rocks. The effects of these three conditions on the extraction efficiency of SFE from source rocks were discussed. The optimum conditions of CO2 extraction as source rock of supercritical fluid are 24MPa, 50 ℃ and 30min, and the method of extracting supercritical fluid of dissolved organic matter in source rock is established. At the same time, the parameters of organic geochemical biomarkers obtained by supercritical extraction were compared with those of Soxhlet extraction (SE) by gas chromatography, chromatographic-mass spectrometry and other analytical methods. It was proved that supercritical extraction can replace traditional Soxhlet extraction method, and the method retains more low-carbon hydrocarbon components, is an effective method for separating solubles from source rocks. Based on this, the hydrocarbon generation rate of source rocks in the upper part of the fourth member of Shahejie Formation in Dongying Depression is studied. The results show that supercritical extraction method has more superiority in calculating hydrocarbon yield.