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文章主要介绍了澳大利亚关于智力残疾人的两项具有代表性的精神健康研究。第一项研究是从儿童到成人的纵向研究,历时20年,追踪了智力残疾儿童和青少年从童年到成年的精神健康状况。第二项研究是生命周期项目研究,主要研究了南澳大利亚州成人的精神健康问题,包括老年智力残疾人、智力残疾的原住民和托雷斯海峡群岛的成年智力残疾人。两项研究结果表明,严重的精神健康问题对于30%至40%的智力残疾人、家属及护理人员均有不利影响,这些严重的情绪和行为问题最早在童年期就开始出现并持续存在,是一般社区居民的2至3倍,但仅有约10%得到特定的心理健康服务。在智力残疾人中,普遍存在严重的情绪和行为问题,比生活在普通社区的精神分裂症患者更普遍。这些情绪和行为问题给家庭和照料者带来了极大负担,也提高了社区成本。精神健康问题导致的痛苦和紊乱行为,通常被简单地视为只是由智力残疾所导致的,因此往往错失了有效处理和提高患者及其家庭生活质量的时机。全面的公共社区精神卫生服务,应包括预防、早期干预、全员培训、健康和残疾服务整合的精神卫生服务,必须减少患者及其家庭和社区的持续负担。
The article focuses on two representative mental health studies of persons with intellectual disabilities in Australia. The first study, a longitudinal study from child to adult, took 20 years and traced the mental health of mentally disabled children and adolescents from childhood to adulthood. The second study, a life-cycle project study, focused on mental health among adults in South Australia, including older persons with intellectual disabilities, indigenous people with intellectual disabilities and adults with intellectual disabilities in the Torres strait islands. Two studies showed that severe mental health problems have adverse effects on 30% to 40% of people with intellectual disabilities, their families and nursing staff. These serious emotional and behavioral problems started to emerge and persisted as early as childhood The general community residents 2 to 3 times, but only about 10% of the specific mental health services. Among people with intellectual disabilities, widespread emotional and behavioral problems are common, and are more prevalent than schizophrenics living in the general community. These emotional and behavioral problems put a heavy burden on families and carers and raised the cost of the community. Pain and disorder, often caused by mental health problems, are often simply treated as being caused by mental disabilities and often miss the opportunity to effectively manage and improve the quality of life of patients and their families. Comprehensive public community mental health services should include mental health services for prevention, early intervention, full training, integration of health and disability services and the ongoing burden on patients, their families and communities must be reduced.