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为探讨季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂1227和C8-10对番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea的毒理效应,运用电子显微镜、氧电极、紫外-可见分光光度计等测定了1227、C8-10对番茄灰霉病菌分生孢子萌发、细胞壁结构、呼吸作用和三种细胞壁降解酶的影响,并在番茄叶片活体上接种经药剂处理的番茄灰霉病菌,观察药剂对其侵染活性的影响。结果显示,两种季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂5μg/mL处理可使分生孢子芽管变短变粗、基部明显膨大,显著抑制聚甲基半乳糖醛酸酶、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶和羧甲基纤维素酶的活性,并可显著影响番茄灰霉病菌在番茄活体叶片上的侵染活性;40μg/mL处理可导致菌体细胞壁表面出现多处破损、细胞内含物聚集等现象;100μg/mL处理显著抑制分生孢子的呼吸作用;250μg/mL和1 000μg/mL处理对病原菌菌丝呼吸产生破坏作用。说明两种季铵盐杀菌剂高剂量能够破坏菌体细胞壁结构,导致番茄灰霉病菌呼吸完全停止和死亡,而低剂量可以抑制细胞胞壁降解酶的活性,降低其致病力。
In order to investigate the toxicological effects of quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants 1227 and C8-10 on Botrytis cinerea, the effects of 1227, C8-10 on tomato ash The conidial germination, cell wall structure, respiration and three kinds of cell wall degrading enzymes of mycotoxins were inoculated into tomato leaves. Inoculation of Botrytis cinerea in tomato leaves was carried out to observe the effect of the agents on their infectivity. The results showed that the two quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant 5μg / mL can conidiophore germinated tube becomes shorter and thicker, the base was significantly enlarged, significantly inhibited the polymethyl galacturonase, polygalacturonase And carboxymethylcellulase activity, and could significantly affect the infection activity of Botrytis cinerea on live leaves of tomato; 40μg / mL treatment could lead to the phenomenon of multiple cell surface damage and accumulation of cellular inclusions ; 100μg / mL treatment significantly inhibited the respiration of conidia; 250μg / mL and 1 000μg / mL treatment of pathogenic bacteria mycelial respiration have a damaging effect. The results showed that two kinds of quaternary ammonium bactericides at high doses could destroy the cell wall structure of the cell body, resulting in complete cessation and death of the Botrytis cinerea respiration. However, the low dose could inhibit the activity of the cell wall degrading enzyme and reduce its pathogenicity.