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南极洲按地形特征和地质构造可分成东南极和西南极两大部分。东南极是一个前寒武纪克拉通地盾,一侧以横贯南极山的年轻造山带为界,其地壳厚度超过401里,在横贯南极山的克拉通一侧的地表由切割的断块高原所组成。西南极则由较年轻的陆壳地块组成,厚30公里以上,以深海槽为界。前寒武纪地盾陆地边界——东南极巨大块体推测下伏有前寒武纪变质岩类,根据冰碛砾石推断,该变质岩呈锒边状出露于西经15°和东经145°之间的陆地上。岩石变质程度主要为麻粒岩相,表明属高温并相对无水条件下形成,还见到有一些紫苏花岗岩体散布于整个周边地区。
Antarctica can be divided into two parts: the East Antarctica and the Southwest Antarctica according to topographical features and geological structure. The Southeast Antarctic is a Precambrian craton ground shield, bounded by young orogenic belts that cross the Antarctic Mountains on one side and have crustal thicknesses of over 401 miles. The surface of the craton across the Antarctic Mountains consists of cut fault plateau Composed of. The Southwest Pole is composed of younger continental crust blocks, more than 30 kilometers in thickness, bordered by deep troughs. According to the moraine and gravel, the metamorphic rocks are exposed at the border of the west longitude 15 ° and longitude 145 °, according to the prediction of the pre-Cambrian metamorphic rocks. ° between the land. The degree of rock metamorphism is mainly granulite facies, which indicates that it is formed under high temperature and relatively anhydrous conditions. Some perish granite bodies are also found throughout the surrounding area.