《家庭、私有制和国家的起源》(以下简称《起源》)在马克思主义发展史中占有重要地位,正是它的发表使唯物史观在史前社会的历史中摆脱了假说状态,成为真正的科学。列宁曾评价《起源》“是现代社会主义的基本著作之一,其中每一句话都是可以相信的,每一句话都不是凭空说的,而是根据大量的史料和政治材料写成的。”然而,就是这样一部重量级的、根据大量史料和政治材料写成的科学巨著,恩格斯却仅用了短短两个月的时间便撰写完成,因此,读者不免产生困惑——《起源》的写作何以可能?笔者以马克思、恩格斯的文本为基础,从历史的视角详细考证了《起源》写作当时的理论背景,以期用马克思、恩格斯的视域来理解回答这一问题。 The origin of family, private ownership and state (hereinafter referred to as “origin”) occupies an important position in the history of the development of Marxism. It is precisely because of its publication that historical materialism has been freed from the hypothesis in the history of prehistoric society and become a real science . Lenin once commented that “origin” is one of the basic works of modern socialism, in which every sentence can be trusted. Every sentence is not based on skull and foot, but based on a large amount of historical and political materials. However, it is such a heavyweight scientific masterpiece written on the basis of a great deal of historical and political material that Engels wrote in just two months, so readers can not help but bewildered - “Origin” How can writing be possible? Based on the texts of Marx and Engels, the author detailedly studies the theoretical background of the writing of “Origin” from a historical perspective in order to understand and answer this question from the perspective of Marx and Engels.