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胰岛素作为一种蛋白激素具有促进糖原、脂类及蛋白质合成的作用,但近年的大量研究证实,其还具有抗炎、抗凋亡的重要生物学作用。角膜损伤后其病理改变与炎性反应和病理性凋亡密切相关,而胰岛素通过与受体结合,激活磷脂酰肌醇-3激-酶(PI3K)途径和丝裂原激活蛋白激酶(MAPK)途径,参与角膜细胞损伤的炎症与凋亡调控。就胰岛素及其受体与底物的化学结构、信号传导机制及其在眼表分布、角膜损伤治疗的研究进行综述。
Insulin acts as a protein hormone to promote glycogen, lipid and protein synthesis, but a large number of recent studies have confirmed that it also has important biological effects of anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis. Pathological changes after corneal injury are closely related to inflammatory reaction and pathological apoptosis, while insulin binds to the receptor and activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Pathways that are involved in the regulation of inflammation and apoptosis in corneal cell injury. The chemical structure of insulin and its receptors and substrates, signal transduction mechanism, and its distribution in the ocular surface and corneal injury were reviewed.