Abstract [Objective] The aim was to explore eco-economy in ecological fragile re- gion with Wuqi County in Shaanxi Province as an example. [Method] Eco-economy development and major environmental problems in Wuqi County in Shaanxi Province were researched based on local social and economic conditions, population of im- poverished people and environment vulnerability. [Result] The areas with vulnerable environment and backward economy should establish a virtuous circle between economy and environment and a sustainable model of economic development. [Con- clusion] It is significant to change the severe situation of environment deterioration and to promote ecological civilization.