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学研究院亚热带林业研究所,浙江富阳311400)摘要大量岩石出露于地表是中国西南喀斯特地区石漠化典型的表观特征之一。为了揭示裸露岩石周围土壤水分对裸岩的响应,于西南地区发生特大干旱期间(2009年9月—2010年2月),研究了裸岩周围土壤水分的动态变化。结果表明:干旱期间,岩石北方土壤表层含水量高于东方、西方、南方(P<0.01),且表层土壤含水量随岩石高度增加而增加;岩石出露面积与其西方、北方土壤含水量极显著相关(P<0.01),与东方土壤含水量显著相关(P<0.05);岩石的尖削程度越大,东、西、北方土壤含水量越低;岩石周围北、东、西方土壤含水量表现出随距离增加先升高后降低趋势,而岩石南方表现为随距离增加而增加的趋势;岩石周围土壤含水量均随土壤深度增加而增加。裸岩在干旱期间表现出遮荫作用,导致岩石北方土壤含水量高于其他方向,并在距离岩石15cm处形成逆境背景下相对有利的人工恢复植被位点,对指导石漠化生态治理过程中植被恢复工作具有重要意义。
Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Fuyang 311400, Zhejiang, China) Abstract A large number of rocks are exposed to the surface of the earth, which is one of the typical apparent features of rocky desertification in southwest China’s karst area. In order to reveal the response of soil moisture around bare rock to bare rock, the dynamic change of soil moisture around bare rock was studied during the period of severe drought (September 2009-February 2010) in southwestern China. The results showed that during the drought period, the surface soil water content in the northern part of the rock was higher than that in the east, west and south (P <0.01), and the surface soil water content increased with the increase of the rock height. The rock outcrop area was significantly higher than that of the west and north parts (P <0.01), and significantly correlated with the soil moisture content in the East (P <0.05). The greater the degree of beveling of the rock, the lower the soil moisture content in the east, west and north. The soil moisture content in the north, east and west of the rock With the increase of the distance, the first increase and then the decrease trend, while the south of the rock showed an increasing trend with the increase of distance; the soil moisture around the rock increased with the increase of soil depth. The bare rock showed shading during the drought period, resulting in higher soil water content in the northern part of the rock than in the other directions. A relatively favorable site for artificial restoration of vegetation was formed at a distance of 15 cm from the rock. In the process of guiding the ecological restoration of rocky desertification Vegetation restoration work is of great significance.