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以氯化锂、正丁基锂、葡萄糖酸为剥离剂,采取离子交换和插层反应等方法剥离蒙脱石,分别采用X射线衍射分析、扫描电子显微镜、高分辨透射电子显微镜测试手段对样品的晶体组成、形貌和微观结构进行了表征。上述结果表明,用氯化锂剥离后,样品由片层构成,分散性良好,蒙脱石(001)晶面的衍射峰峰位(2θ)向左偏移了1.2°,相应的晶面间距增大了0.27 nm,部分为薄层状结构,厚度5~10 nm,边缘发生了卷曲;正丁基锂剥离后,蒙脱石(001)晶面的衍射峰基本消失,层状结构遭到破坏,蒙脱石基本被剥离成了单层状结构,也有厚度10~15 nm的小片层;用葡萄糖酸剥离的蒙脱石层状结构无序度增加,蒙脱石的层堆积明显。通过对比上述3种方法所剥离的蒙脱石,可认为氯化锂及正丁基锂对钠基蒙脱石的剥离效果优于葡萄糖酸的剥离效果,且以正丁基锂剥离的效果最佳。
Lithium chloride, n-butyllithium and gluconic acid were used as the stripping agent to separate the montmorillonite by ion exchange and intercalation reactions. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The crystal composition, morphology and microstructure were characterized. The above results show that the samples are composed of lamellae after stripping with lithium chloride and the dispersion is good. The peak position (2θ) of the diffraction peak of the (001) crystal plane of the smectite is deviated leftward by 1.2 ° and the corresponding interplanar spacing (0.27 nm). The thickness of the layer is 5 ~ 10 nm, and the edge curls. After n-butyl lithium stripping, the diffraction peaks of the (001) When montmorillonite was stripped, the montmorillonite was stripped into a monolayer structure and a small lamella with a thickness of 10-15 nm. The delamination degree of montmorillonite delaminated with gluconic acid increased, and the montmorillonite layer accumulation was obvious. By comparing the above-mentioned three methods of stripping the montmorillonite, lithium chloride and n-butyl lithium can be considered on the stripping of sodium montmorillonite better than gluconic acid stripping effect, and n-butyl lithium stripping effect good.