直到20世纪60年代和70年代,法律学者们才普遍意识到,美国刑事司法体系如此大量地通过辩诉交易解决其大多数严重犯罪案件,这是一种刑事被告放弃其接受审判的权利以换取较轻刑罚的做法。正统的美国刑事司法理论认为,我们应该以陪审团审判的方式处理严重犯罪的案件。实际上,作为美国宪法的一部分并于1791年被批准的《权利法案》指出:“在所有刑事起诉中,被告应当享有公正陪审团即时并且公开审判的权利……”我们的理论要求审判,但我们的实践则在增加不审判。出现在20世纪60年代末、70年代初的有关美国辩诉交易的学术研究,尤其是芝 It was not until the 1960s and 1970s that legal scholars generally recognized that the United States criminal justice system so vastly deals with most of its most serious crimes through plea bargaining, a criminal defendant abandoning his right to trial in exchange for more Light punishment approach. Orthodox American criminal justice theory argues that we should handle cases of serious crimes in a jury trial. In fact, the Bill of Rights, which was part of the United States Constitution and was ratified in 1791, states: “In all criminal prosecutions, the accused should have the right to a fair jury in an instant and open trial ...” Our theory calls for trial , But our practice is increasing non-trial. Academic research on American plea bargaining that occurred in the late 1960s and early 1970s, especially in Chicago