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多能干细胞(PSCs)包括胚胎干细胞(ESCs)和诱导多能干细胞(iPSCs),具有分化为成体所有类型细胞的潜能。目前体外已能获得小鼠PSCs来源的成熟精子、人类ESCs(hESCs)/iPSCs(hiPSCs)来源的原始生殖细胞(PGCs)以及减数分裂前期精子细胞。若能诱导人类PSCs(hPSCs)体外分化为功能完整的成熟精子,可望治愈临床上非遗传因素无精子症;对于遗传因素导致少弱精子/无精子症,则可进一步结合基因编辑技术获得健康功能精子。iPSC分化的功能精子可避免精子细胞来源及医学伦理问题,具有更高临床价值。本文综述体外诱导PSCs向雄性生殖细胞分化的研究进展,为应用PSCs治疗男性不育提供参考。
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), have the potential to differentiate into all adult types of cells. At present, mature mouse sperm cells derived from mouse PSCs, primitive germ cells (PGCs) derived from human ESCs (hESCs) / iPSCs (hiPSCs) and pre-meiotic sperm cells have been obtained in vitro. If hPSCs can be induced to differentiate into fully functional mature spermatozoa in vitro, it is expected to cure clinical non-genetic azoospermia. For genetic factors that result in oligozoospermia / azoospermia, genetic editing techniques may be further used to obtain health Functional sperm. Functional differentiation of iPSC sperm cells to avoid sperm cell sources and medical ethics, with higher clinical value. This review summarizes the progress of in vitro induced differentiation of PSCs into male germ cells and provides a reference for the application of PSCs in the treatment of male infertility.