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从印楝 (Azadirachta indica)种仁的提取物中分离得到 10个四降三萜化合物 ,通过波谱方法鉴定 ,它们分别是 nimbin(1) ,deacetylnim bin(2 ) ,salannolide(3) ,azadirachtin(4 ) ,vepaol(5 ) ,isovepaol(6 ) ,3- tigloyl- azadirachtol(7) ,1- tigloyl- 3- acetyl- azadirachtinin(8) ,3- tigloyl- azadirachtinin(9) ,1- tigloyl- 3-acetyl- 11- hydroxymeliacarpinin(10 )。此外 ,还得到 β-谷甾醇、豆甾醇、胡萝卜甙和硬脂酸。含印楝素(azadirachtin)为 0 .5 %的印楝提取物在稀释 15 0～ 80 0倍时对小菜蛾和菜粉蝶有较强的防治作用。
Ten tetranuclear triterpenes were isolated from the extracts of the seeds of Azadirachta indica and identified by spectroscopic methods as nimbin (1), deacetylnim bin (2), salannolide (3), azadirachtin (4 ), vepaol (5), isovepaol (6), 3- tigloyl azadirachtol (7), 1- tigloyl 3- acetyl- azadirachtinin (8), 3- tigloyl azadirachtinin - 11-hydroxymeliacarpinin (10). In addition, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, daucosterol and stearic acid are obtained. Neem extracts containing azadirachtin (0.5%) showed a strong protective effect against diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) and cabbage butterfly at 15 0 ~ 80 0 times dilution.