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目的了解山东省寿光市蔬菜大棚从业人员职业性肌肉骨骼损伤(WMSD)防护认知现状和干预需求。方法采用立意抽样法,对1 780名大棚从业人员进行WMSD防护知识态度及需求问卷调查;采用便利抽样和立意抽样方法,共选择14名调查对象进行焦点小组访谈。结果 66.0%(1 174/1 780)的大棚从业人员认为WMSD是一种严重的职业危害;只有20.3%(362/1 780)的大棚从业人员知晓WMSD防护知识;有54.7%(974/1 780)的大棚从业人员表示如果了解相关知识,会按照要求进行防护;有96.7%(1 721/1 780)的大棚从业人员有意愿参加关于WMSD防护的健康教育培训。随着大棚从业人员文化程度的提高,对WMSD严重性的知晓率越低(P<0.01),对WMSD防护知识的知晓率越高(P<0.05),愿意参加培训者越多(P<0.01);种植工龄≥20.0年组的大棚从业人员对WMSD严重性的知晓率高于种植工龄<20.0年组(68.9%vs 61.5%,P<0.01);WMSD患者对WMSD严重性的知晓率高于非WMSD者(67.2%vs 61.6%,P<0.05)。大棚从业人员最需要的健康干预是专业的健康教育以及适用的防护用品和助力工具。结论蔬菜大棚从业人员对WMSD相关的健康知识欠缺,应采取合适的方式开展健康教育,积极探索适合大棚蔬菜生产作业特点的防护用品和助力工具。
Objective To understand the cognitive status and interventional requirements of occupational musculoskeletal injuries (WMSD) among vegetable greenhouses in Shouguang City, Shandong Province. Methods The method of intentional sampling was used to investigate the attitude and needs of WMSD workers in 1780 greenhouses. A total of 14 interviewees were interviewed by means of convenience sampling and deliberate sampling method. Results 66.0% (1 174/1 780) of greenhouses considered WMSD as a serious occupational hazard; only 20.3% (362/1 780) of greenhouses knew WMSD protection; 54.7% (974/1 780) ) Of greenhouses practitioners said they would be protected as required if they knew the related knowledge and 96.7% (1721/1 780) greenhouses would be willing to participate in health education and training on WMSD protection. The awareness rate of WMSD protection was higher (P <0.05) and more willing to participate in trainers (P <0.01), with the awareness of WMSD severity being lower (P <0.01) ). The awareness rate of WMSD severity among workers who worked in ≥20.0 years in greenhouse was higher than those in <20.0 years (68.9% vs 61.5%, P <0.01). WMSD patients were more aware of the severity of WMSD Non-WMSD (67.2% vs 61.6%, P <0.05). The most needed health interventions for green-house workers are specialized health education and appropriate protective gear and assistive tools. Conclusion There is a lack of health knowledge related to WMSD among employees of greenhouses. Health education should be carried out in a proper way to actively explore protective equipment and power tools suitable for the characteristics of greenhouse vegetable production.