自1992年初,俄罗斯着手进行激进的经济改革以来,改革的实施从根本上改变了国内的经济关系:市场经济的特有进程得到扩展,新的国家管理机制开始形成。 改革的同时,经济领域也出现了一些不良势头。主要表现是:生产衰退,卢布贬值,通货膨胀加剧,居民基本生活水平大幅度降低。同样处于困境的还有科技、教育、文化领域,对解决生态及卫生保健问题更缺乏足够的资金。财政状况也很不妙:一方面国家开支明显增长,另一方面由于其它一些因素如税收机制的低效率以及课税优惠对象范围的扩大,使得预算收入大大减少。而且由于浪费性生产仍然存在,原料资源的需求规模很大,所以尽管削减了某些成品的生产,但是生产能耗量并没有降低。只有克服上述危机,俄罗斯经济才可能步履维艰地达到一个新阶段。 Since the beginning of 1992 when Russia embarked on a radical economic reform, the implementation of the reform fundamentally changed the domestic economic relations: the peculiar process of the market economy has been expanded and a new state management mechanism has begun to take shape. At the same time of reform, there have also been some negative trends in the economic field. The main performance is: production decline, the devaluation of the ruble, inflation intensified, the basic living standards of residents significantly reduced. Equally in trouble are the fields of science and technology, education and culture, which lack sufficient funds to solve ecological and health problems. The financial situation is also very poor: on the one hand, national expenditures have increased significantly; on the other hand, the budget revenue has been greatly reduced due to other factors such as the inefficiency of the tax system and the expansion of the scope of tax incentives. And because wasteful production still exists, the demand for raw material resources is very large, so although the production of some finished products is reduced, the production energy consumption does not decrease. Only by overcoming these crises can the Russian economy be struggling to reach a new stage.