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目的探讨赴川男性灾难救助者替代性创伤及其影响因素,为相关的研究积累实证资料,为控制替代性创伤的发生发展提供科学依据。方法 2012年9—11月,采用灾难救助者替代性创伤问卷、社会支持评定量表、特质应对方式问卷、艾森克人格问卷简式量表对252名男性赴川灾难救助者进行问卷调查。结果 (1)有4.8%(12/252)的男性灾难救助者替代性创伤总分上超过理论中值,而在认知反应和生活信念因子上分别有8.7%(22/252)和13.5%(34/252)的男性灾难救助者超过理论中值。(2)接受过培训的男性救助者替代性创伤中的认知反应因子、生理反应因子得分和总分低于未接受培训的救助者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。(3)有灾难救助经历的男性救助者在生理反应及生活信念因子上的得分高于没有灾难救助经验的救助者,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(4)男性灾难救助者社会支持总分与替代性创伤中的情绪反应、行为反应、认知反应因子和总分呈负相关。(5)替代性创伤总分及各因子与积极应对方式呈负相关;除生活信念因子外,替代性创伤总分及其各因子得分均与消极应对方式呈正相关。(6)灾难救助者P量表和N量表得分与替代性创伤各因子得分及总分呈正相关,E量表除与行为反应、认知反应和生活信念无线性相关外,与其余各因子得分及总分都呈负相关。(7)应对方式中消极应对因子和人格特征的E因子、有无救灾经验因素可以有效预测替代性创伤总分。结论 (1)男性灾难救助者存在一定程度的替代性创伤。(2)专业培训经历、灾难救助经历、社会支持度、应对方式、人格特质等因素对替代性创伤有影响。(3)消极应对、有灾难救助经历、内外向人格是替代性创伤的危险因子。
Objective To explore the alternative trauma and its influencing factors of male disaster survivors in Chuchuan, accumulate empirical data for related researches and provide scientific basis for controlling the occurrence and development of alternative trauma. Methods From September to November 2012, 252 male disaster survivors in Sichuan were surveyed using the Disaster Rescue Alternative Trauma Questionnaire, the Social Support Rating Scale, the Trait Coping Style Questionnaire, and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Simple Scale. Results (1) In 4.8% (12/252) of the male disaster survivors, the total score of alternative trauma exceeded the theoretical median value, and they were 8.7% (22/252) and 13.5% respectively in the cognitive response and life belief factors (34/252) male disaster rescuers exceeded the theoretical median. (2) The cognitive response factor, physiological response factor score and total score of traumatic replacement salvage were lower than those who did not receive training. The differences were statistically significant (P <0.01). (3) Male salvors with disaster rescue experience score higher than those who did not have disaster rescue experience in physiological response and life faith factor, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). (4) The total score of social support for male disaster survivors was negatively correlated with the emotional response, behavioral response, cognitive response factor and total score in alternative trauma. (5) The total scores of alternative trauma and the factors of negative trauma were negatively correlated with the positive coping styles. Except for the beliefs of life, the score of substitute trauma and its scores were positively correlated with negative coping styles. (6) There was a positive correlation between the score of P scale and N scale of disaster rescuers and the score and total score of alternative traumatic factors. Except for behavioral response, cognitive response and life belief, E scale was not correlated with other factors Score and total score are negative correlation. (7) E-factor of passive coping style and personality traits in coping style, and the factors of disaster-relief experience can effectively predict the total score of alternative trauma. Conclusions (1) Male disaster survivors have some degree of alternative trauma. (2) Factors such as professional training experience, disaster relief experience, social support, coping styles, personality traits and so on have an impact on alternative trauma. (3) negative coping, disaster relief experience, internal and external personality is a risk factor for alternative trauma.