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嵌合抗原受体(chimeric antigen receptor,CAR)是运用重组DNA技术制备的基因工程抗体,由单链抗体、协同刺激分子及T细胞信号转导分子等部分融合而成。全外显子测序技术是传统的c DNA文库表达血清学方法之外的筛选肿瘤抗原的新方法。近年来,嵌合抗原受体-T细胞(chimeric antigen receptor-T cells,CAR-T细胞)在治疗包括实体瘤在内的一系列恶性肿瘤中取得了较大的成就。临床试验表明,CAR-T细胞在产生强大抗肿瘤效应的同时,也具有不容忽视的毒副反应。该文将讨论嵌合抗原受体-T细胞治疗恶性肿瘤基本原理、关键技术和面临的挑战。
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) is a genetically engineered antibody prepared by recombinant DNA technology and is composed of partial fusion of single chain antibody, costimulatory molecule and T cell signal transduction molecule. The whole exome sequencing technique is a new method of screening tumor antigens beyond traditional c DNA library expression serological methods. In recent years, chimeric antigen receptor-T cells (CAR-T cells) have made great achievements in the treatment of a series of malignant tumors including solid tumors. Clinical trials have shown that CAR-T cells have powerful anti-tumor effects and toxic side effects. This article will discuss the basic principles, key technologies and challenges of chimeric antigen receptor-T cells in the treatment of malignant tumors.