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目的了解某铁路辖区生活饮用水卫生质量和卫生监管状况,为改进铁路供水管理提供依据。方法收集2011—2015年某铁路辖区供水管理等资料,按照《生活饮用水卫生监督管理办法》《集中式供水单位卫生规范》等法律法规及铁路饮用水卫生管理相关规定评价饮用水卫生监督管理状况;采集各铁路站区末梢水样176份,依据GB 5750—2006《生活饮用水卫生标准检验方法》进行水质检测。结果 2011—2015年某铁路辖区有97个供水单位,供水管属权不一,只有7处给水所(点)配备消毒设施,水源卫生防护合格率为43.96%,建筑段负责管理77个给水所(点),供水管理各方面均明显好于其他单位。二次供水单位卫生监督管理尚未全面开展,监管资料缺失。生活饮用水卫生许可证办证率为7.22%,监督意见整改率为31.81%,5年间无行政处罚案例。水质监测合格率为42.05%,水质不合格因素主要是微生物指标超标,超标率为43.18%;其次为感官及理化指标超标,超标率为18.75%。地下水合格率为51.19%,高于地表水的33.70%(P<0.05)。结论某铁路辖区供水单位供水权属不一,水源防护、相关设施消毒及维护工作不到位,卫生质量存在安全隐患,铁路供水卫生监督管理工作亟待加强。
Objective To understand the hygienic quality and sanitary supervision status of drinking water in a railway area and provide basis for improving railway water supply management. Methods The data of water supply management in a railway area from 2011 to 2015 were collected and the health supervision and management of drinking water was evaluated in accordance with the laws and regulations such as the Measures for the Administration of Sanitary Supervision of Domestic Drinking Water and the Hygienic Standard for Centralized Water Supply Units and the relevant provisions on the sanitary management of railway drinking water ; Collect 176 water samples from the peripherals of railway stations, and carry out water quality testing according to GB 5750-2006 “Standard Test Method for Domestic Drinking Water”. Results There were 97 water supply units in a railway jurisdiction from 2011 to 2015, with different ownership of water pipelines. Only 7 water supply stations (points) were equipped with disinfection facilities, with 43.96% pass rate of hygiene protection and 77 water supply stations (Points), all aspects of water supply were significantly better than other units. Health supervision and management of secondary water supply unit has not yet been fully implemented, lack of regulatory information. The certified rate of drinking water sanitation license was 7.22%, the rectification rate of supervisory opinions was 31.81%, and there was no case of administrative sanctions in 5 years. The qualified rate of water quality monitoring was 42.05%. The unqualified water quality factors mainly exceeded the standard of microorganisms, exceeding the standard rate by 43.18%. The second reason was the excessive sensory and physical and chemical indicators with the exceeding standard rate of 18.75%. Groundwater passing rate was 51.19%, higher than the surface water 33.70% (P <0.05). Conclusion The water supply of water supply units in a certain railway area has different rights in both water supply and water supply. The disinfection and maintenance of water source protection facilities and related facilities are not in place. There is a potential safety hazard in the quality of water supply. Health supervision and management of railway water supply needs to be strengthened urgently.