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核威慑是国际政治学上的一个重要命题,有关核威慑的国际法讨论主要立足于价值评判与制度性的回应与完善。核威慑理论的本质并非核武器的使用,而是要发挥核威慑的预防性吓阻功能,从而服务于有核国家的战略目标及国家利益。在国际法视角下,核威慑理论及其在实践中所发挥的作用应当一分为二地加以看待。核威慑在国际法上的积极评价主要包括核威慑在客观上有利于国际和平,对本国安全与发展有积极保障作用;消极评价则是核威慑政策的适用缺乏足够的国际法理依据的支持,核威慑作为国家战略博弈手段的可行性的实证缺失,以及核威慑政策运作不当可引发严重后果。为了从国际法的角度对核威慑加以制度完善,有核国家应自觉肩负起国际法律与道德责任,同时联合国的制度规范职能需要更加完善,对核威慑的适用加以明确制约。
Nuclear deterrence is an important proposition in international politics. The discussion of international law on nuclear deterrence is mainly based on value judgments and institutional responses and consummation. The essence of nuclear deterrence theory is not the use of nuclear weapons but the preventive deterrence function of nuclear deterrence so as to serve the strategic goals of the nuclear countries and national interests. Under the perspective of international law, the theory of nuclear deterrence and its role in practice should be treated in two separate ways. The positive evaluation of nuclear deterrence in international law mainly includes that nuclear deterrence is objectively conducive to international peace and has a positive guarantee for its own security and development. The negative assessment is that the application of nuclear deterrence policy lacks sufficient grounds of international law and that nuclear deterrence The lack of evidence as a viability of the national strategic game approach and the improper operation of nuclear deterrence policies can have serious consequences. In order to perfect the system of nuclear deterrence from the perspective of international law, the nuclear-weapon States should consciously shoulder their international legal and moral responsibilities and meanwhile, the UN system normative functions need to be more perfect and the application of nuclear deterrence clearly restricted.