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结合当前水利部在实施最严格水资源管理过程中对用水效率控制的要求,构建了涵盖工业、农业、生活、生态的用水效率评价指标体系和评价标准,采用基于熵权的模糊物元评价法和数据包络分析法(DEA)对汉江流域各行政区2010、2012和2014年的用水效率进行了评价。结果显示:两种方法所得结果一致,即汉江流域各行政区2014年的用水效率均有大幅度提高,主要集中在较高和中等水平;除武汉市用水效率达到最佳水平之外,其他各行政区均为DEA无效,且规模收益均为规模递增,说明汉江流域各地区已经采取措施来提高用水效率,并取得了初步成效,但仍存在很大的节水潜力,需通过节水技术进步和产业结构调整来提高用水效率。此研究结果可为汉江流域水资源利用和节水措施提供参考和依据。
Combined with the current water quality control requirements of Ministry of Water Resources in the process of implementing the most stringent water resources management, an evaluation index system and evaluation standard of water efficiency covering industry, agriculture, living and ecology are constructed. Fuzzy matter-element evaluation method based on entropy weight And Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) were used to evaluate the water use efficiency of each Hanjiang River basin in 2010, 2012 and 2014. The results show that the results obtained by the two methods are consistent, that is, the water efficiency of all districts in the Hanjiang River Basin increased significantly in 2014, mainly in the upper and middle levels; except that the water efficiency in Wuhan reached the best level, the other districts All of them are ineffective for DEA and scale returns are increasing in scale, indicating that all regions in the Hanjiang River Basin have taken measures to improve water use efficiency and achieved initial success. However, there is still a great potential for water saving through technological advances in water saving and industry Structural adjustment to improve water efficiency. The results of this study can provide reference and basis for water resources utilization and water saving measures in Hanjiang River Basin.