方法论个人主义(methodological individualism)主张,经济解释和社会理论应以个人为起点。与之相对的则是基于集体概念或整体概念的研究思路。两种立场之间的争论几乎贯穿了整个社会思想的历史。在这一争论中,米塞斯的思想无疑占据着一个极其重要的位置。不仅因为他是最早明确提出方法论个人主义的学者之一(尽管晚于马克斯·韦伯),而且更为重要的是,他是20世纪新奥地利学派的当然领袖,曾经几乎单枪匹马地重建了整个社会科学的理论大厦。另外,他也是韦伯思想的一位重要继承 Methodological individualism claims that economic interpretation and social theory should start with individuals. The opposite is based on the collective concept or the overall concept of research ideas. The argument between the two positions runs through almost the entire history of social thought. In this debate, Mises’s thinking undoubtedly occupies an extremely important position. Not only because he was one of the earliest scholars (but later than Max Weber) to explicitly state methodology individualism and, more importantly, as a natural leader of the neo-Austrian school of the 20th century, had almost single-handedly rebuilt the entire social sciences The theoretical building. In addition, he is also an important successor to Weber’s thought